(2943) Proposal to conserve <i>Selaginella</i> , nom. cons., ( <i>Selaginellaceae</i> ) with a conserved type

(2943) Selaginella P. Beauv. in Mag. Encycl. 9(5): 478. 1804, nom. cons. Typus: S. flabellata (L.) Spring (Lycopodium flabellatum L.), typ. prop. (Selaginellaceae) is the largest genus lycophytes and known for its special phylogenetic position vascular plants, heterospores, resurrection ability, pharmacological value (Banks & al. Annual Rev. Pl. Biol. 60: 223–238. 2009). Phylogenetically, sister to Isoëtales both taxa share heterospores a ligule at base of each leaf sporophylls (Pryer Nature 409: 618–622. 2001). notorious many species with seemingly undifferentiated gross morphology paucity modern monographic treatments that consider totality context. These factors have led great difficulty identifying species. Following PPG I (in J. Syst. Evol. 54: 563–603. 2016), alone constitutes family Selaginellaceae order Selaginellales. However, it unique an order/family pteridophytes 700–800 (Jermy Kubitzki, Fam. Gen. Vasc. 1: 39–45. 1990; Tryon Lugardon, Spores Pteridophyta: 606–621. 1991; Zhou Zhang Taxon 64: 1117–1140. 2015) contain only one genus. There were three most important arguments maintaining broadly defined single Firstly, major relationships within had been unclear. Although quite few studies carried out (Korall Int. Sci. 160: 585–594. 1999; Korall Kenrick Amer. Bot. 89: 506–517. 2002, Molec. Phylogen. 31: 852–864. 2004; Arrigo 100: 1672–1682. 2013), they based on relatively small taxon samplings. This has much improved by two recent molecular works (Westrand 103: 2136–2159. 2016a; Cladistics 32: 360–389. 2016) which over 200 sampled, but overall either not well resolved Korall, l.c. 2016a) or enigmatic Sinensis group was excluded (Zhou al., l.c.). Secondly, morphological discontinuity among lineages understood spite fact infrageneric classifications proposed recently evidence Zhang, 2015; Westrand 2160–2169. 2016b). Thirdly, current type generic name, selaginoides ex Schrank Mart., as member first diverging clade l.c.) and, morphologically, this no rhizophores all, completely different from all other family. Recognizing multiple genera would inevitably result nomenclatural instability unless new conserved designated. Most recently, we conducted study expanded character sampling 684 accessions representing ca. 300 analyzed evolution 10 characters context phylogeny understand diagnosing various clades submitted). Our resolves these are found be diagnosable morphologically. We therefore propose recognize seven subfamilies 17 Selaginellaceae, appears dramatic deviation single-genus classification consistent our earlier albeit ranks six subgenera recognized further divided into five, six, sections, addition untreated 2015). also agrees some 2–5 more (Palisot de Beauvois 9: 472–483. 1804; Kuntze, Revis. 2: 824–827. 1891; Börner, Fl. Deut. Volk: 285. 1912; Rothmaler Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 55–82. 1944; Sakurai (Tokyo) 57: 255–256. 1943; Kung Sichuan. 6: 56–80. 1988; Soják Preslia 151–158. 1993; Satou Hikobia 12: 269. 1997; Tzvelev Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 36: 22–27. Weakley, Mid-Atlantic States: 64–66. 2012; Southeast. U.S.: 72–74. 2020). line trend pteridophytes, example, 380 Lycopodiales (Chen 71: 25–51. 2022; Indian Fern 38: 125–136. 2022), Selaginellales + Isoëtales; 265 25 Blechnaceae (PPG I, l.c.; Gasper Phytotaxa 275: 191–227. 2016; González Darwiniana, ser. 2, 8: 525–529. 2020); 1200 37 Thelypteridaceae (Fawcett Smith Sida Misc. 59: 23. 2021); 900 33 Polypodiaceae subfam. Grammitidoideae (Sundue 81: 195–206. 2014). The will hopefully facilitate communication, promote analyses, help conservation. In study, selaginoides, again confirmed clade. fact, monophyly relationship rest always previous means that, morphology, any division several lead including classification, New World need transferred Therefore, conserve name type, Spring. Multiple included consistently species-rich clade, Stachygynandrum (S. subg. sensu becoming s.str. if conservation proposal accepted) way, original retained Selaginoides Ség. (Pl. Veron. 3: 51. 1754, currently rejected favour 1805, cons.), although epithet changed because use ‘selaginoides’ create tautonym (Art. 23.4 ICN; Turland Regnum 159. 2018). match general description features authors having different-sized dorsiventral leaves four rows, sporophyll, being heterosporous, (Thomas Palaeobot. Palynol. 95: 129–153. 1997). By proposal, names portion Old preserved minimize caused classification. One minor effect entries Selaginella, cons., change. cease homotypic become it. XW, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8312-6917 XMZ, http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3555-7784 LZ, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3784-3135 ZRH, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6492-3689 LBZ, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4905-040X